When a neuron sends a message to another neuron, it sends an electrical signal down the length of its axon. These include keeping a regular heartbeat, releasing hormones like adrenaline, opening the pupil in response to light, and regulating the digestive system. Other parts of the nervous system control involuntary processes. Sensory neurons detect light, sound, odor, taste, pressure, and heat and send messages about those things to the brain. For instance, motor neurons transmit messages from the brain to the muscles to generate movement. Axons are also called nerve fibres.ĭifferent types of neurons control or perform different activities. Axons and dendrites allow neurons to communicate, even across long distances. Bundles of axons, called nerves, are found throughout the body. A neuron has a cell body, which includes the cell nucleus, and special extensions called axons (pronounced AK-sonz) and dendrites (pronounced DEN-drahytz). The human brain contains about 100 billion neurons. The basic unit of the nervous system is a nerve cell, or neuron. It guides everyday activities such as waking up automatic activities such as breathing and complex processes such as thinking, reading, remembering, and feeling emotions. The nervous system plays a role in nearly every aspect of our health and well-being. The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body. The components of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.Īs stated by the National Institutes of Health, the central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells that transmit signals between different parts of the body.
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